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HTML5基础-新增标签+新增属性+布局案例

  • 作者: 武大地
  • 来源: 51数据库
  • 2021-10-12

html5中常用的结构标签

article 文章

header 头部

nav 导航

section 区域

aside 侧边栏

hgroup 区块的相关信息

figure 定义一组内容及标题

figcaption 定义figure元素的标题

footer 底部

dialog 对话框

使用习惯:

header/section/footer > aside/article/figure/hgroup/nav > div

 


 

embed可插入flash文件,但flash已经逐渐被淘汰,不建议使用

 


 

meter状态标签,可以定义电压

optimum是标准状态

low与high之间呈现绿色,其余呈现黄色

<meter value=”220” min=”20” max=”380” low=”200” high=”240” optimum=”220”></meter>

自动计算百分比

<meter value="0.75">75%</meter>

有步长的进度条

<progress value="30" max="100"></progress>

不断加载的进度条

<progress max="100"></progress>

datalist为input定义下拉列表

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <input placeholder="请选择手机品牌" list="phonelist">
    <datalist id="phonelist">
        <option value="iphone">iphone</option>
        <option value="samsung">samsung</option>
        <option value="huawei">huawei</option>
        <option value="oppo">oppo</option>
        <option value="htc">htc</option>
    </datalist>
</body>
</html>

 

 

details定义元素的详细内容,配合summary

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <details>
        <summary>html5</summary>
        <p>html5是构建web内容的一种语言描述方式。html5是互联网的下一代标准,是构建以及呈现互联网内容的一种语言方式.被认为是互联网的核心技术之一。html产生于1990年,1997年html4成为互联网标准,并广泛应用于互联网应用的开发。
html5是web中核心语言html的规范,用户使用任何手段进行网页浏览时看到的内容原本都是html格式的,在浏览器中通过一些技术处理将其转换成为了可识别的信息。html5在从前html4.01的基础上进行了一定的改进,虽然技术人员在开发过程中可能不会将这些新技术投入应用,但是对于该种技术的新特性,网站开发技术人员是必须要有所了解的。 [1-2] </p>
    </details>
</body>
</html>

 

 

ruby和rt进行拼音的注释

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    我们来<ruby>夼<rt>kuang</rt></ruby>一个话题
</body>
</html>

 

 

兼容浏览器的写法:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    我们来<ruby>夼<rp>(</rp><rt>kuang</rt><rp>)</rp></ruby>一个话题
</body>
</html>

mark黄色选中效果

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <p>妈妈叫我回家的时候顺路买一盒<mark>牛奶</mark>,需要很新鲜的那种。</p>
</body>
</html>

 

 

output表单计算

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form oninput="sum.value=parseint(num1.value)*parseint(num2.value)">
        <input type="number" id="num1">*
        <input type="number" id="num2">=
        <output name="sum" for="num1 num2"></output>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

 

 

date pickers在移动端效果比较好

week兼容性不好

datetime兼容性不好,推荐用datetime-local

time用来设置时间(小时和分钟);

month用来设置年和月;

date用来设置年月日;

datetime用来设置年月日和时间;

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    email:<input type="email" name="email"><br>
    url:<input type="url" name="url"><br>
    tel:<input type="tel" name="tel"><br>
    number:<input type="number" name="number"><br>

    date:<input type="date" name="date"><br>
    month:<input type="month" name="month"><br>
    week:<input type="week" name="week"><br>
    time:<input type="time" name="time"><br>
    datetime:<input type="datetime" name="datetime"><br>
    datetime-local:<input type="datetime-local" name="datetime-local"><br>

    range:<input type="range" name="range" min="1" max="10"><br>
    search:<input type="search" name="search"><br>
    color:<input type="color" name="color"><br>

</body>
</html>

 

 

autocomplete属性规定form或input域拥有自动完成功能,该属性适用于<form>标签和<input>标签

autofocus自动获取焦点

multiple多选,适用于email和file,email中不同邮箱用,隔开

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>demo</title>
</head>
<body>
    <form action="lesson2_1 autocomplete.html" autocomplete="on">
        <input type="text" name="text" autofocus="autofocus" placeholder="您好,请在这里输入您的用户名!"><br>
        <input type="email" name="email" autocomplete="off" multiple="multiple"><br>
        <input type="file" name="file" multiple="multiple"><br>
        <input type="submit">
    </form>

</body>
</html>

 

 

<link>标签中,sizes属性可以规定被链接资源的尺寸的大小

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>demo</title>
    <link rel="icon"  type="image/gif" sizes="16x16">
    <base  target="_blank">
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

script:

defer 页面已完成加载后再执行脚本

async 一旦脚本可用,则异步执行

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>demo</title>
    <script async="async" type="text/javascript" src="async.js"></script>
    <script defer="defer" type="text/javascript" src="defer.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>

ol有序列表倒序

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>ol</title>
</head>
<body>
<ol start="2" reversed="reversed">
    <li>html</li>
    <li>html5</li>
    <li>css</li>
    <li>css3</li>
    <li>javascript</li>
</ol>
</body>
</html>

 

 

html页面布局demo:

demo.html
----------------------------------------
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>html5</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" >
</head>
<body>

    <header>
        <div class="container">
            <a ><img src="images/logo.png"></a>
            <nav>
                <a class="active" >home</a>
                <a >course</a>
                <a >actual</a>
                <a >plan</a>
                <a >faq</a>
                <a >notes</a>
            </nav>
        </div>
    </header>
    <section class="banner">
        <ul>
            <li class="active"><img src="images/banner/banner1.jpg"></li>
            <li class="left"><img src="images/banner/banner3.jpg"></li>
            <li class="right"><img src="images/banner/banner2.jpg"></li>
        </ul>
    </section>
    <section class="main">
        <aside>
            <h1>recent <samp>course</samp></h1>
            <dl>
                <dt>hyper text markup language</dt>
                <dd><img src="images/course/05_05.png"></dd>
                <dd>html is the standard markup language used to create web pages and its elements form the building blocks of all websites.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
                <dt>cascading style sheets</dt>
                <dd><img src="images/course/06_04.png"></dd>
                <dd>cascading style sheets (css) is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g., fonts, colors, spacing) to web documents.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
                <dt>javascript</dt>
                <dd><img src="images/course/09_07.png"></dd>
                <dd>javascript is a high-level, dynamic, untyped, and interpreted programming language.</dd>
            </dl>
            <dl>
                <dt>angularjs</dt>
                <dd><img src="images/course/02_09.png"></dd>
                <dd>angularjs is an open-source web application framework mainly maintained by google and by a community of individuals and...</dd>
            </dl>
        </aside>
        <article>
            <h1>welcome to <samp>massive open online course!</samp></h1>
            <p>we provide the latest knowledge to help you cope with the changing world!</p>
            <img src="images/article.jpg">
            <p>we hope that all the students who love the internet can be more convenient access to learning resources, using the internet thinking to change our learning.</p>
            <p>focus on it skills education mooc, consistent with the development trend of the internet down to earth's mooc. we are free, we only teach useful, we concentrate on education.</p>
        </article>
    </section>
    <footer>
        <div class="container">
            <p>copyright © 2019 test.com all rights reserved.</p>
            <span>
                <img src="images/icon/weichat.png">
                <img src="images/icon/sina.png">
                <img src="images/icon/qq.png">
            </span>
        </div>
    </footer>
</body>
</html>
style.css
------------------------------------------

/* all tag */
* { font-family: arial; font-size: 14px; margin: 0; padding: 0; border: none; }
a { text-decoration: none; }
ul { list-style: none; }

/* header */
header { position: relative; height: 80px; background: #000; }
header:after { position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 7px; content: ''; background: #d6d6d6; }
header > .container { position: relative; z-index: 1; width: 1200px; margin: 0 auto; }
header > .container > a { display: block; float: left; margin: 5px 25px; }
header > .container > nav { float: right; }

/* nav */
nav > a { font-size: 24px; line-height: 73px; display: block; float: left; width: 110px; height: 73px; text-align: center; color: #fff; }
nav > a:nth-child(1) { background: #433b90; }
nav > a:nth-child(2) { background: #017fcb; }
nav > a:nth-child(3) { background: #78b917; }
nav > a:nth-child(4) { background: #feb800; }
nav > a:nth-child(5) { background: #f27c01; }
nav > a:nth-child(6) { background: #d40112; }
nav > a:hover,
nav > a.active { padding-bottom: 7px; }

/* banner */
.banner { position: relative; background: #eaeaea; }
.banner:after { position: absolute; bottom: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 6px; content: ''; background: #d6d6d6; }
.banner > ul { position: relative; width: 1490px; height: 538px; margin: 0 auto; padding-top: 10px; }
.banner > ul > li { position: absolute; width: 610px; height: 300px; overflow: hidden; }
.banner > ul > li.active { z-index: 2; top: 37px; right: 0; left: 0; width: 960px; height: 460px; margin: auto; border: 1px solid #fff; box-shadow: 0 30px 140px 22px rgba(0, 0, 0, .35); }
.banner > ul > li.left { z-index: 1; top: 0; bottom: 0; left: 0; margin: auto; box-shadow: 0 3px 7px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .35); }
.banner > ul > li.right { z-index: 1; top: 0; right: 0; bottom: 0; margin: auto; box-shadow: 0 3px 7px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, .35); }
.banner > ul > li > img { position: absolute; left: -30%; height: 100%; }

/* main */
.main { position: relative; width: 1200px; height: 473px; margin: 34px auto 0; }
.main h1 { font-size: 30px; font-weight: lighter; margin-bottom: 23px; }
.main h1 > samp { font-size: 30px; color: #7c7c7c; }
.main > aside { float: left; width: 450px; }
.main > aside > dl { position: relative; display: block; height: 74px; margin-bottom: 17px; }
.main > aside > dl > dt { position: absolute; top: -1px; left: 92px; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 16px; text-decoration: underline; }
.main > aside > dl > dd:first-of-type { position: absolute; left: 0; }
.main > aside > dl > dd:last-of-type { position: absolute; top: 20px; left: 90px; }
.main > article { float: right; width: 720px; overflow: hidden; }
.main > article > p,
.main > article > img { margin-bottom: 20px; }

/* footer */
footer { position: relative; background: #000; }
footer:before { position: absolute; z-index: -1; top: -6px; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 6px; content: ''; background: #d6d6d6; }
footer > .container { width: 1200px; height: 64px; margin: 0 auto; }
footer > .container > p { line-height: 64px; float: left; color: #fff; }
footer > .container > span { float: right; margin: 14px 40px; }
footer > .container > span > img { margin-left: 4px; opacity: .7; }
footer > .container > span > img:hover { opacity: 1; cursor: pointer; }

 

 

html页面布局demo2:

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8">
    <title>html</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" >
</head>
<body>
    <table id="outer-table">
        <!-- 顶部 -->
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <td><img src="img/logo.png" alt="logo"></td>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <!-- 主体 -->
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>    
                    <table>
                        <tr>
                            <!-- 左侧 -->
                            <td width="12%">
                                <p class="left-p">
                                    <span>商品管理</span><br>
                                    <span>评价管理</span><br>
                                    <span>咨询管理</span><br><br><br>
                                    <span><b>全部订单</b></span><br>
                                    <span>已完成订单</span><br>
                                    <span>待处理订单</span><br>
                                    <span>今日物流</span><br><br><br>
                                    <span>月考核</span><br>
                                    <span>季度考核</span><br>
                                    <span>年度考核</span><br>
                                </p>
                            </td>
                            <!-- 右侧 -->
                            <td width="88%">
                                <table class="inner-table">
                                    <tr>
                                        <td><span>全部订单</span></td>
                                    </tr>
                                </table>
                                <table class="inner-table">
                                    <tr>
                                        <td>
                                            <span>
                                                查询:
                                                <input type="date">至
                                                <input type="date">
                                            </span>
                                        </td>
                                    </tr>
                                </table>
                                <table id="order" class="inner-table" rules="all">
                                    <tr>
                                        <td colspan="2">宝贝信息</td>
                                        <td>订单数量</td>
                                        <td>单价</td>
                                        <td>买家</td>
                                        <td>下单时间</td>
                                        <td>实付款</td>
                                        <td>订单操作</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td><img src="img/txue.png"></td>
                                        <td>2019新款个性男女潮牌&暮春之行文化衫</td>
                                        <td>2</td>
                                        <td>120</td>
                                        <td>小明</td>
                                        <td>2019-2-21 21:54</td>
                                        <td>240</td>
                                        <td>待付款</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td><img src="img/txue.png"></td>
                                        <td>2019新款个性男女潮牌&暮春之行文化衫</td>
                                        <td>2</td>
                                        <td>120</td>
                                        <td>小明</td>
                                        <td>2019-2-21 21:54</td>
                                        <td>240</td>
                                        <td>待付款</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td><img src="img/txue.png"></td>
                                        <td>2019新款个性男女潮牌&暮春之行文化衫</td>
                                        <td>2</td>
                                        <td>120</td>
                                        <td>小明</td>
                                        <td>2019-2-21 21:54</td>
                                        <td>240</td>
                                        <td>待付款</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td><img src="img/txue.png"></td>
                                        <td>2019新款个性男女潮牌&暮春之行文化衫</td>
                                        <td>2</td>
                                        <td>120</td>
                                        <td>小明</td>
                                        <td>2019-2-21 21:54</td>
                                        <td>240</td>
                                        <td>待付款</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td><img src="img/txue.png"></td>
                                        <td>2019新款个性男女潮牌&暮春之行文化衫</td>
                                        <td>2</td>
                                        <td>120</td>
                                        <td>小明</td>
                                        <td>2019-2-21 21:54</td>
                                        <td>240</td>
                                        <td>待付款</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td><img src="img/txue.png"></td>
                                        <td>2019新款个性男女潮牌&暮春之行文化衫</td>
                                        <td>2</td>
                                        <td>120</td>
                                        <td>小明</td>
                                        <td>2019-2-21 21:54</td>
                                        <td>240</td>
                                        <td>待付款</td>
                                    </tr>
                                    <tr>
                                        <td><img src="img/txue.png"></td>
                                        <td>2019新款个性男女潮牌&暮春之行文化衫</td>
                                        <td>2</td>
                                        <td>120</td>
                                        <td>小明</td>
                                        <td>2019-2-21 21:54</td>
                                        <td>240</td>
                                        <td>待付款</td>
                                    </tr>
                                </table>
                            </td>
                        </tr>
                    </table>
                </td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
        <!-- 页脚 -->
        <tfoot>
            <tr>
                <td><span>2019-12-29 &copy;test.com</span></td>
            </tr>
        </tfoot>
    </table>
</body>
</html>
demo.css
-----------------------------------

*{margin:0;padding:0;}
table{width:100%;background-color: #fff;}
#outer-table{background-color: #abcdef;}
#outer-table tfoot td{text-align:center;height:50px;line-height: 50px;}
#outer-table img{width: 150px;margin-left: 10px;}
.left-p{margin-left:10px;margin-top:-250px;}
.left-p span{line-height:2em;}
.inner-table{border:2px solid #ccc;}
.inner-table tr td{padding:10px;}
#order tr td{text-align:center;}
#order tr td img{width:50px;}

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