CentOS7下安装配置Oracle的操作步骤教程
- 作者: 追逐00
- 来源: 51数据库
- 2021-10-19
1.安装centos7
配置如下：
安装时必须安装ghome桌面
安装完成后，以root用户登录，然后执行
#需要联网 yum update yum upgrade
2.安装java 环境
#查询出默认安装java rpm -qa | grep java #删除查询出结果 rpm -e --nodeps #安装java rpm -ivh jdk-7u80-linux-x64.rpm #配置环境变量 vim /etc/profile #在末尾添加 #set java environment java_home=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_80 jre_home=/usr/java/jdk1.7.0_80/jre class_path=.:$java_home/lib/dt.jar:$java_home/lib/tools.jar:$jre_home/lib path=$path:$java_home/bin:$jre_home/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin export java_home jre_home class_path path
3.安装 oracle 11r2
首先下载oracle 11r2 安装包
linux.x64_11gr2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gr2_database_2of2.zip
创建用户和用户组 groupadd oinstall #用户组 groupadd dba #用户组 useradd -g dba -g oinstall -m oracle #创建用户oracle,并加入dba,oinstall passwd oracle #设置密码 创建oracle安装目录 mkdir -p /oracle/orainventory #oracle 数据库配置目录 chown -r oracle:oinstall /oracle #设置目录所有者为 oinstall 用户组的 oracle 用户 chown -r oracle:oinstall /oracle/orainventory 修改系统标识 vim /etc/redhat-release #编辑 把 centos linux release 7.0.1406 (core) 修改为 #centos linux release 7.0.1406 (core) red hat enterprise linux 6 修改系统内核 vim /etc/sysctl.conf #编辑，在最后添加以下代码 fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576 fs.file-max = 6815744 kernel.shmall = 2097152 kernel.shmmax = 536870912 kernel.shmmni = 4096 kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 net.core.rmem_default = 262144 net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 net.core.wmem_default = 262144 net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1 vim /etc/security/limits.conf #在末尾添加以下代码 oracle soft nproc 2047 oracle hard nproc 16384 oracle soft nofile 1024 oracle hard nofile 65536 配置oracle用户环境变量 vim /home/oracle/.bash_profile #在最后添加以下代码 export oracle_base=/oracle #oracle 数据库安装目录 export oracle_home=$oracle_base/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle 数据库路径 export oracle_sid=orcl #oracle 启动数据库实例名 export oracle_unqname=$oracle_sid export path=$oracle_home/bin:/user/sbin:$path #添加系统环境变量 export ld_library_path=$oracle_home/lib:$ld_library_path #添加系统环境变量
安装oracle数据库所需要的软件包
yum install gcc* gcc-* gcc-c++-* glibc-devel-* glibc-headers-* compat-libstdc* libstdc* elfutilslibelf-devel* libaio-devel* sysstat* unixodbc-* pdksh-*
4.重启下系统，以oracle身份登录系统
5.解压oracle安装包
unzip linux.x64_11gr2_database_1of2.zip unzip linux.x64_11gr2_database_2of2.zip
6.
cd database
7.
export lang=en_us #防止乱码
8.运行安装程序(不要使用xshell操作,直接在桌面打开终端操作)
./runinstaller
等待......
取消默认选择,点击next
点击yes
点击next
选择server class ,点击next
点击next
选择 advanced install 点击 next
添加简体中文,点击next
点击next
设置好环境变量了，这里会自动填充路径，点击 next
默认inventory directory为/orainventory,修改为/oracle/orainventory 点击next
点击yes，弹框可能显示不出来,按方向键左键,按enter
点击next
点击next
配置字符集，点击 next
点击next
点击next
点击next
选择统一设置密码，点击 next
点击yes，弹框可能显示不出来，按方向键左键，按enter
点击next
勾选ignore all，点击next
点击finish
进入安装过程
安装到 68%的时候会有如下提示，直接点击 continue,弹框可能无法展示,直接按enter
点击ok
以下窗口可能被缩成一条竖线在中间，用鼠标拉开即可看到，安装过程如出现窗口变暗，但是没有弹框弹出，即为此类情况
9.打开命令行窗口
su 输入 root 帐号密码，运行 /oracle/orainvertory/orainstroot.sh /oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/root.sh
10.安装完成后，把系统标识修改回来
vim /etc/redhat-release #编辑 把 #centos linux release 7.0.1406 (core) red hat enterprise linux 6 修改为： centos linux release 7.0.1406 (core)
11.登录oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop #先关闭监听服务 [oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start #开启监听服务 [oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba #登入 sql> shutdown immediate #立即关闭数据库服务（一般是关闭状态） sql> startup #开启数据库服务（重要，必输） sql> exit #退出 sql> sqlplus scott/tiger@192.168.47.131/orcl #连接scott用户 sql> select * from tab; #test查询表
12，使用pl/sql连接时,可能会“ora-12514 tns 监听程序当前无法识别连接描述符中请求服务”
解决办法简述：
1.修改\oracle\product\11.2.0\db_1\network\admin\listener.ora中的(host)bt-199-039.bta.net.cn改为192.168.47.131
2.修改\oracle\product\11.2.0\db_1\network\admin\tnsnames.ora中的(host)bt-199-039.bta.net.cn 改为192.168.47.131
3.修改后，重启oracle，监听，并注册，主win10上的plsql就可以远程连接虚拟机上的数据库了.
具体操作步骤如下：
一、修改数据库服务器中listener.ora文件内容
[oracle@localhost admin]$ vim /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
原始内容:
# listener.ora network configuration file: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora
# generated by oracle configuration tools.
listener =
(description_list =
(description =
(address = (protocol = ipc)(key = extproc1521))
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = bt-199-039.bta.net.cn)(port = 1521))
)
)
adr_base_listener = /oracle
修改为 # listener.ora network configuration file: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora # generated by oracle configuration tools. sid_list_listener = (sid_list = (sid_desc = (global_dbname = orcl) (oracle_home = /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1) (sid_name = orcl) ) ) listener = (description = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.47.131)(port = 1521))) adr_base_listener = /oracle
修改数据库服务器中tnsnames.ora文件内容
[oracle@localhost admin]$ vim /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
原始内容:
# tnsnames.ora network configuration file: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# generated by oracle configuration tools.
orcl =
(description =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = localhost)(port = 1521))
(connect_data =
(server = dedicated)
(service_name = orcl)
)
)
修改后的内容：
# tnsnames.ora network configuration file: /oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
# generated by oracle configuration tools.
orcl =
(description =
(address_list =
(address = (protocol = tcp)(host = 192.168.47.131)(port = 1521))
)
(connect_data =
(sid = orcl)
)
)
在数据库服务器中启动监听并更新注册
1、命令： [oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl stop #先关闭监听服务 输出： lsnrctl for linux: version 11.2.0.1.0 - production on 19-feb-2017 21:19:42 copyright (c) 1991, 2009, oracle. all rights reserved. connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=192.168.78.130)(port=1521))) the command completed successfully [oracle@localhost ~]$ 2、命令： [oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl start #开启监听服务 输出: lsnrctl for linux: version 11.2.0.1.0 - production on 19-feb-2017 21:24:22 copyright (c) 1991, 2009, oracle. all rights reserved. starting /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait... tnslsnr for linux: version 11.2.0.1.0 - production system parameter file is /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora log messages written to /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml listening on: (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=192.168.78.130)(port=1521))) connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=192.168.78.130)(port=1521))) status of the listener ------------------------ alias listener version tnslsnr for linux: version 11.2.0.1.0 - production start date 19-feb-2017 21:24:22 uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec trace level off security on: local os authentication snmp off listener parameter file /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora listener log file /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml listening endpoints summary... (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=192.168.78.130)(port=1521))) services summary... service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). instance "orcl", status unknown, has 1 handler(s) for this service... the command completed successfully [oracle@localhost ~]$ 3、命令： [oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba #登入 输出： sql*plus: release 11.2.0.1.0 production on sun feb 19 21:27:40 2017 copyright (c) 1982, 2009, oracle. all rights reserved. connected to: oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit production with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options sql> 命令： sql> shutdown immediate #立即关闭数据库服务 输出： database closed. database dismounted. oracle instance shut down. sql> 命令: sql> startup #开启数据库服务 输出： oracle instance started. total system global area 1586708480 bytes fixed size 2213736 bytes variable size 939526296 bytes database buffers 637534208 bytes redo buffers 7434240 bytes database mounted. database opened. sql> 命令： sql> alter system register; #注册 输出： system altered. sql> 命令： sql> quit #登出 输出： disconnected from oracle database 11g enterprise edition release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit production with the partitioning, olap, data mining and real application testing options [oracle@localhost ~]$ 命令： [oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status #查看监听状态 输出： lsnrctl for linux: version 11.2.0.1.0 - production on 19-feb-2017 21:37:20 copyright (c) 1991, 2009, oracle. all rights reserved. connecting to (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=192.168.78.130)(port=1521))) status of the listener ------------------------ alias listener version tnslsnr for linux: version 11.2.0.1.0 - production start date 19-feb-2017 21:24:22 uptime 0 days 0 hr. 12 min. 57 sec trace level off security on: local os authentication snmp off listener parameter file /data/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/listener.ora listener log file /data/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/localhost/listener/alert/log.xml listening endpoints summary... (description=(address=(protocol=tcp)(host=192.168.78.130)(port=1521))) services summary... service "orcl" has 1 instance(s). instance "orcl", status unknown, has 1 handler(s) for this service... the command completed successfully [oracle@localhost ~]$
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